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STMicroelectronics |
VV5404 & VV6404
®
Mono and Colour Digital Video CMOS Image Sensors
DESCRIPTION
VV5404 and VV6404 are highly integrated CMOS VLSI
sensors which enables high standards of performance and
image quality at a very cost-effective price point. The 356 x
292 monochrome device offers one of the simplest routes
currently available to design-in of imaging applications, while
the colour device is ideal for low cost PC camera applications.
Both devices incorporate a comprehensive range of on-board
controls eliminating the need for additional support chips. On-
chip A/D conversion provides 8 bit digital output and the
device set up is fully automatic via the built-in automatic black
level calibration algorithm.
Exposure and gain settings are programmable and operation
is controlled via a serial interface.
This sensors offer variable frame rates of up to 30 frames per
second and a 4 wire digital video bus. The digital interface
also provides a tri-stateable data qualification clock and frame
synchronisation signal.
Hand-held products, in applications such as PDAs, bar code
scanning or automatic meter reading, will benefit from the low
power requirements and from the inbuilt sleep and power
down modes.
The price and performance standards introduced with the
VV5404 and VV6404 enable use of an imaging solution
where previously it may not have been practicable on cost
grounds.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
CLKI
CLKO
SIN
BLACK
CALIBRATION
IM A G E
FORMAT
EXPOSURE
R E G IS T E R S
SERIAL
IN T E R -
FACE
VERTICAL
SHIFT
R E G IS T E R
ANALOG
VOLTAGE
REFS.
PHOTO DIODE
ARRAY
SAMPLE & HOLD
HORIZONTAL SHIFT
REGISTER
OUTPUT
FORMAT
8-bit
ADC
GAIN
STAGE
SDA
SCL
D[3:0]
QCK
FST
OEB
FEATURES
• CIF Format mono or colour pixel array
• Up to 30 frames per second operation
• On-chip 8 bit analogue to digital converter
• Low power consumption
• Up to 356 x 292 pixel image size
• Automatic exposure and gain control
• Serial interface control
• Programmable exposure and gain values
• Automatic black level calibration
• 4-wire digital video bus
• Evaluation kit available
APPLICATIONS
• PC Cameras
• Biometrics
• Inspection Systems
SPECIFICATIONS
Pixel resolution 356 x 292 (CIF)
Array size
4.272mm x 3.212mm
Pixel size
12.0 µm x 11.0 µm
Min. illumination 0.1 lux
Exposure control Automatic (to 25000:1)
Gain control
Automatic (to +20dB)
Signal/Noise ratio 46dB
Supply voltage
5.0v DC +/− 5%
Supply current
<75mA
Operating
temperature
(ambient)
0oC - 40oC
(for extended temp. info please con-
tact STMicroelectronics)
Package type
48LCC
Important:
1. A colour co-processor is required to convert the VV6404 sensor’s video
data stream of raw colourised pixel data into either a CIF or QCIF for-
mat RGB or YUV colour image.
2. VV5404 and VV6404 do NOT have any form of automatic exposure
control. This must be performed externally.
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VV5404 & VV6404
Table of Contents
1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2. Operating Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.1 Image Read-out Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2 Frame Rate Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3. Exposure Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4. Digital Video Interface Format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.1 General description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.2 Embedded control data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
4.2.1 The combined escape and sync character . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.2.2 The command word . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.2.3 Supplementary Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
4.3 Video timing reference and status/configuration data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.3.1 Blank lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.3.2 Black line timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.3.3 Valid video line timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.3.4 Start of frame line timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.3.5 End of frame line timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
4.4 Detection of sensor using data bus state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
4.5 Resetting the Sensor Via the Serial Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.6 Power-up, Low-power and Sleep modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
4.6.1 Power-Up/Down (Figure 12) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.6.2 Low-Power Mode (Figure 10) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
4.6.3 Sleep Mode (Figure 11) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
4.6.4 Application of the system clock during sensor low-power modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4.7 Qualification of Output Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4.7.1 Using the External Clock signal applied to CKI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4.7.2 Data Qualification Clock, QCK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
4.7.3 Frame Start Signal, FST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
5. Serial Control Bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
5.1 General Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
5.2 Serial Communication Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
5.3 Data Format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
5.4 Message Interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
5.5 The Programmers Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
5.5.1 DeviceH [000_00002] and DeviceL [000_ 00012] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
5.5.2 Status0 [000_00102] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
5.5.3 Line_count_H [000_00112] & Line_count_L [000_01002]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
5.5.4 Setup0 [001_00002] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
5.5.5 Setup1 [001_00012] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
5.5.6 Setup2 [001_00102] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
5.5.7 Setup4 [001_01002] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
5.5.8 Setup5 [001_01012] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
5.5.9 Exposure Control Registers [010_00002] - [010_10012]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
5.5.10 ADC Setup Register AS0 [111_01112] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
5.6 Types of messages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
5.6.1 Single location, single data write. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
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