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AN1007 반도체 회로 부품 판매점

Switcher Replaces MAG Amps in Silver Boxes



ST Microelectronics 로고
ST Microelectronics
AN1007 데이터시트, 핀배열, 회로
AN1007
APPLICATION NOTE
L6561 - BASED SWITCHER REPLACES MAG AMPS IN
SILVER BOXES
by Claudio Adragna
Mag amps (a contraction of "Magnetic Amplifier") are widely used in multi-output switching power
supplies to get auxiliary regulated power rails. However, they are expensive, bulky, and require a
high level of design expertise.
ST’s L6561, an 8-pin Transition Mode PFC (Power Factor Corrector) controller, is surprisingly suit-
able for implementing a switch-mode architecture as an alternative to mag amps. Much better per-
formance, a dramatic reduction of parts count, cost and design effort are the benefits of such an ap-
proach. Drawbacks? None. And once more the L6561 turns out to be a really versatile device.
Introduction
Desktop computer power supplies provide two or more low-voltage, high-current, isolated power rails,
typically a 5V rail and a 12V rail. More an more often, it also provides a 3.3V auxiliary rail with high-cur-
rent capability.
The power is generated by an off-line forward switching converter (inside the so-called "silver box") that
regulates only one power rail through an isolated feedback loop. The other power rails are usually post-
regulated to meet the specifications on the output voltage tolerance and regulation. A typical architecture
is shown in fig. 1.
Figure 1. Typical architecture of an SMPS for desktop computer ("silver box").
(ISOLATED) FEEDBACK
RECTIFIER
FILTER
MAIN
OUTPUT
DC Input
PWM CONTROLLER
& POWER SWITCH
MAG AMP
REGULATOR
RECTIFIER
+
FILTER
RECTIFIER
+
FILTER
LINEAR
REGULATOR
AUXILIARY
DC OUTPUTS
Many power supply manufacturers use magnetic amplifiers (in short, "mag amps") to achieve secondary
post-regulation. Mag amps regulate the output voltage with a saturable core reactor that exhibits a
square B-H loop: when not saturated, the core material has a very high permeability and the reactor a
very high impedance, then it abruptly saturates thus the permeability drops to a very low value and so
does the impedance of the reactor.
By varying the magnetic DC flux inside the core, mag amps control the time needed for the core to satu-
rate under a given input voltage pulse. Therefore, the reactor acts basically as a delayed switch and per-
form PWM by modulating the leading-edge of the input voltage pulse applied to the output section.
March 1998
1/6


AN1007 데이터시트, 핀배열, 회로
AN1007 APPLICATION NOTE
Mag amps have a number of drawbacks: they are expensive, bulky, slow, inefficient and, last but not
least, their design is not easy.
In this paper a switch-mode architecture is proposed as an alternative to mag amps. Basically, the satu-
rable core reactor is replaced by a power MOSFET. The control circuitry is based on a well-known 8-pin
controller IC, in this context used in a not conventional way: the PFC controller L6561.
The benefits of this architecture, which takes advantage of the current mode control offered by the
L6561, will be detailed in this paper and can be summarized as follows: much better performance at a
much lower cost.
Mag amps as secondary post-regulators
Figure 2 shows a block diagram of a mag amp regulator. It looks simple but there are several aspects of
the design that must be accounted for in order to ensure a proper operation.
Figure 2. Mag amp regulator block diagram.
MAG AMP
REGULATOR
Vout
BIAS AND
CONTROL
In figure 3, a real example of a mag amp regulator for a 3.3V power rail is shown.
The TL431 acts as a reference voltage/error amplifier. The PNP transistor, driven by the amplified and
frequency-compensated error signal, acts as a controlled current generator that resets the mag amp
core through the auxiliary winding wound on it. The sense resistor Rsense is part of the current limiting
circuit, which includes also the overcurrent comparator with open collector output. The comparator,
when triggered, saturates the reset PNP transistor, thus delaying as much as possible the positive
pulses delivered downstream the reactor and limiting the overcurrent at the output.
Figure 3. Mag amp regulator electrical schematic.
TO THE OUTPUT STAGE
OF THE 5V POWER RAIL
Rsense
3.3V
12 V
+
-
TL431
2/6




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