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PDF 3PHASEPWM Data sheet ( Hoja de datos )
| Número de pieza | 3PHASEPWM | |
| Descripción | 3-Phase Synchronous PWM Controller IC Provides an Integrated Solution for Intel VRM 9.0 Design Guidelines | |
| Fabricantes | International Rectifier | |
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3-Phase Synchronous PWM Controller IC Provides an
Integrated Solution for Intel VRM 9.0 Design Guidelines
Odile Ronat
International Rectifier
The fundamental reason for the rapid change and
growth in information technology power
requirements is the increase in volume of data
processed, stored, transmitted, and displayed. As
a result, power requirements have grown very
rapidly. To control the increase in power
dissipation, operating voltages have been
reduced. Power scales as the square of the
voltage: cut the voltage in half, and the power
dissipation is reduced to one fourth. As circuit
output voltages approach the one-volt mark,
operating currents are increasing exponentially.
Today, feeding this much “ultraclean” current at
these low voltages with tremendous transient
response capability is the key technology driver
of power management for IT.
CPUs used in servers, advance desktop
computers and motherboards such as the Intel
Pentium™ 4 or Xeon™ or AMD K7™ typically
require currents up to 60A at output voltages
around 1V, with transient response in the order
of 50A/us. Designers prefer a multiphase DC-
DC converter topology to address the higher
current requirements and faster transient
response problem,
This article will discuss the specific
requirements for DC-DC converters required to
power today’s GHz class CPUs, the benefits of
the multiphase topology, and an example of
implementation of Intel VRM 9.0 using an
integrated 3-phase synchronous PWM controller
IC.
An Overview of Intel VRM 9.0 Design
Guidelines
With today’s microprocessor voltage below 2V,
they cannot be powered directly out of the
conventional silver box that typically provides
5V and 12V. Located in proximity to the CPU,
the voltage regulator module (VRM) delivers
regulated, stepped down voltage to the CPU.
The Intel VRM 9.0 definition is specifically
intended to meet the needs of systems based on
the Intel ® Xeon™ and Pentium ® 4 processors.
Table 1 provides a summary of the output
requirements for VRM 9.0.
Table 1 - Summary of the VRM 9.0 output requirements (Source: Intel VRM9.0 DC-DC converter design guidelines.
Other requirements include VID voltage
identification and Power Good feedback. The
VRM must accept five lines to set the nominal
maximum voltage. Five processor package pins
will have a high-low pattern corresponding to
the voltage required by the individual processor.
The VRM should provide an open collector
1
1 page  
Inductor Current
in each phase
rises
Figure 4 - Normalized output current across output
capacitor, as a function of duty cycle, (Peak to peak
current normalized to the Vo/(L3Fs) at zero duty
cycle).
It is shown that the output current ripple is
greatly reduced by multi-phase operation. At the
certain duty cycle D=1/N, where N is the phase
number, the output ripple will be near zero due
to complete cancellation of inductor current
ripple. The optimum number of phases exists for
different applications.
Built-in Synchronous-Rectifier Driver
Synchronous rectification reduces conduction
losses in the rectifier by shunting the normal
Schottky diode with a low on-resistance
MOSFET switch. The synchronous rectification
also ensures good transient dynamic. The 3-
phase synchronous rectifier MOSFET drivers
are built inside the IRU3055.
Transient Response
The IRU3055 delivers transient response that
meets Intel VRM 9.0 design guidelines with no
oscillation and a voltage drop <100mV for a
60A step load.
Drop <100mV
Figure 5 - 3-phase inductor current and Vout at 60A
dynamic load response
Conclusion
With the development of new microprocessors
always requiring more power, voltage are
dropping to reduce power dissipation, driving
currents upward exponentially. Higher currents
also lead to faster transient response
requirements and higher switching frequencies.
Multiphase topology is the preferred topology to
address the functionality of today’s
microprocessors voltage regulation requirements
in a compact footprint at an acceptable cost. 3-
phase converters appear to be the preferred way
of economically meeting the design guidelines
for Intel VRM9.0. The IRU3055 3-phase
synchronous PWM controller IC provides an
integrated solution for a straightforward
implementation of Intel VRM 9.0.
As next generation processors emerge with more
stringent power supply requirements and
additional functionality, new approaches and
advances in technology will be needed. More
phases might be needed to meet the ever-
increasing currents. With more phases come
more design complexity, power dissipation and
response delay. The partitioning of
functionalities within voltage regulators will
need to be optimized to provide the best
performance at the best cost in compact
footprints.
5
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